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GIS capabilities, data structures, and spatial modelling form the backbone of geographic information systems, enabling the storage, analysis, and visualization of spatial data for research and decision-making. Core GIS capabilities include data integration, spatial querying, visualization, and geostatistical analysis, which allow users to explore complex spatial relationships. The data structures used in GIS—primarily raster and vector formats—organize geographic information into grids or coordinate-based features, making it possible to represent both continuous phenomena like elevation and discrete features like roads. Through spatial modelling, researchers simulate processes such as land use change, hydrological flow, or urban expansion, providing predictive insights into environmental and societal dynamics. Together, these elements make GIS a powerful tool for environmental management, urban planning, and policy development, bridging raw geospatial data with actionable knowledge.
This lecture is part of GEO 308 REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM 1 in the Geology department. The course has 28 recorded lectures across 10 series, all free to watch.