Nigeria's free digital learning hub. Videos, lecture notes, practice questions and leaderboards aligned with CCMAS, NBTE, NCCE, WAEC, NECO, IJMB and JAMB curricula.
Loading
Nigeria's free digital learning hub. Videos, lecture notes, practice questions and leaderboards aligned with CCMAS, NBTE, NCCE, WAEC, NECO, IJMB and JAMB curricula.
Civil Engineering · 300 Level
This is the complete lecture note for CEE 308 Engineering Surveying and Photogrammetry I, prepared for Civil Engineering students at 300 Level. You can read it online below, open it in the full viewer, or download the PDF for offline study. It pairs with the course's video lectures, so you can read and watch together.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS CODE: CEE 308 COURSE TITLE: Engineering Surveying and Photogrammetry I COURSE CREDIT LOAD: 2 Units SERIES 1: Chain and Compass Surveying SERIES 2: Contours and Site Mapping SERIES 3: Traversing Techniques and Applications SERIES 4: Levelling and Tachometry Methods SERIES 5: Introduction to Photogrammetry Series 1: Chain and Compass Surveying Series outline 1.1 Fundamentals of Chain Surveying • 1.1.1 Definition and scope of chain surveying • 1.1.2 Instruments used in chain surveying • 1.1.3 Principles and procedures of chain surveying 1.2 Methods and Applications of Chain Surveying • 1.2.1 Field techniques and recording • 1.2.2 Plotting and map preparation • 1.2.3 Advantages, limitations, and typical applications 1.3 Compass Surveying Principles • 1.3.1 Definition and scope of compass surveying • 1.3.2 Types of compasses and their components • 1.3.3 Bearings, angles, and orientation 1.4 Compass Surveying Methods and Error Adjustment • 1.4.1 Field procedures in compass surveying • 1.4.2 Sources of errors and corrections • 1.4.3 Applications of compass surveying in site work
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Introduction Surveying is one of the oldest and most essential practices in civil engineering, as it provides the foundation for accurate planning, design, and construction. Before any structure can be built, the land must be measured and mapped with precision. Two of the most fundamental techniques used in this process are chain surveying and compass surveying, both of which remain relevant today despite the advent of modern instruments. By learning these methods, you will gain an appreciation of the basic principles that underpin more advanced surveying techniques introduced later in the course. The aim of this Series is to equip you with the knowledge and skills required to carry out chain and compass surveys effectively, to interpret the results, and to apply these methods in practical site work. We shall commence this Series by examining the fundamentals of chain surveying, including its definition, scope, and the instruments involved. Then, we will move on to the methods and applications of chain surveying, focusing on field techniques and plotting. Following that, we will explore the principles of compass surveying, considering the types of compasses and the concept of bearings. Finally, we will wrap up by studying compass surveying methods, sources of errors, and how these can be corrected to ensure reliable results. This sequential flow will provide you with a solid grounding in the basic surveying techniques that form the bedrock of engineering practice. Series Learning Outcomes Upon completing this Series, you should be able to: • SLO 1.1 define the concept and scope of chain surveying, • SLO 1.2 identify and describe the instruments used in chain surveying, • SLO 1.3 explain the principles and procedures involved in conducting a chain survey, • SLO 1.4 demonstrate methods of recording field data and plotting maps in chain surveying, • SLO 1.5 analyse the advantages, limitations, and applications of chain surveying, • SLO 1.6 define the concept and scope of compass surveying, • SLO 1.7 distinguish between types of compasses and explain their components, • SLO 1.8 calculate bearings and angles for orientation in compass surveying, • SLO 1.9 apply field procedures in compass surveying to establish directions and boundaries, and • SLO 1.10 evaluate common sources of error in compass surveying and propose appropriate corrections. 1.1 Fundamentals Of Chain Surveying 1.1.1 Definition and scope of chain surveying
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Chain surveying is a method of surveying in which linear measurements are taken using a chain or tape to determine distances on the ground. It is one of the simplest forms of surveying, suitable for small, relatively flat areas where details can be represented by straight lines. The scope of chain surveying includes measuring boundaries, preparing site plans, and establishing baselines for further surveys. Fill in the blank: Chain surveying is most suitable for ______ areas where details can be represented by straight lines. Diagram showing a surveyor using a chain to measure distance on level ground. Figure 1.1: Basic chain surveying in practice: 1.1.2 Instruments used in chain surveying The primary instrument in chain surveying is the surveying chain, which is a series of linked metal segments used to measure distance. Other instruments include tapes (steel or linen), arrows (used to mark chain lengths), ranging rods (painted poles used for alignment), and pegs (wooden stakes used to mark points). Each instrument has a specific role in ensuring accuracy and efficiency during fieldwork. Fill in the blank: The instrument used to mark chain lengths during measurement is called ______. Image of surveying instruments including chain, arrows, and ranging rods.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Plate 1.1: Common instruments used in chain surveying: 1.1.3 Principles and procedures of chain surveying The principle of chain surveying is based on the measurement of straight-line distances between points. The procedure involves selecting a baseline (the main reference line), measuring offsets to capture details, and recording observations in a field book. Accuracy depends on proper alignment, careful measurement, and systematic plotting. Fill in the blank: The main reference line chosen in chain surveying is called the ______. Box 1.1: Key steps in chain surveying 1. Select a baseline. 2. Measure distances using chain or tape. 3. Record observations in a field book.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS 4. Plot measurements to produce a site plan. Pilot questions 1.1 1. What is chain surveying and when is it most suitable? 2. Name three instruments used in chain surveying. 3. What is the purpose of arrows in chain surveying? 4. Which line serves as the main reference in chain surveying? 5. Why is a field book important in chain surveying? 1.2 Methods And Applications Of Chain Surveying 1.2.1 Field techniques and recording
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS In chain surveying, field techniques refer to the practical steps taken to measure distances and capture site details. These include ranging (aligning points in a straight line), chaining (measuring distances with a chain or tape), and offsetting (measuring perpendicular distances to capture features). Observations are recorded in a field book, which is a bound notebook used to document measurements systematically. Fill in the blank: The perpendicular distance measured from a survey line to capture features is called ______. Diagram showing chaining, ranging, and offsetting in practice. Figure 1.2: Field techniques in chain surveying 1.2.2 Plotting and map preparation Plotting is the process of transferring field measurements onto paper to create a site plan. Distances are scaled down, and offsets are drawn to represent features accurately. A map prepared from chain surveying should be neat, legible, and consistent with the recorded field data. Fill in the blank: The process of transferring field measurements onto paper to create a site plan is called ______. [Insert Plate here] Image of a surveyor plotting measurements on graph paper.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Plate 1.2: Plotting chain survey data into a site plan 1.2.3 Advantages, limitations, and typical applications Chain surveying is advantageous because it is simple, inexpensive, and requires minimal equipment. However, it is limited to small, level areas and cannot handle complex terrain or large projects. Typical applications include measuring plots of land, preparing site plans for small construction projects, and establishing baselines for further surveys. Fill in the blank: Chain surveying is most effective in ______ areas and for small-scale projects. Box 1.2: Advantages and limitations of chain surveying Advantages: Simple, inexpensive, minimal equipment. Limitations: Restricted to small, level areas, unsuitable for complex terrain. Advantages Limitations Simplicity: It is the simplest method of surveying and requires no complex Limited to Flat Terrain: It becomes difficult and highly inaccurate on undulating, steep, or broken ground.
This is the opening of the note. Read the full note or download the PDF to continue.
