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Nuclear energy is derived from reactions within atomic nuclei, primarily through fission and fusion. Fission occurs when heavy nuclei, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239, split into smaller fragments, releasing large amounts of energy used in nuclear power plants. Fusion, on the other hand, combines light nuclei like hydrogen isotopes to form heavier ones, producing even greater energy—this is the process that powers the sun, though it remains technologically challenging to harness on Earth. The principles of nuclear power generation involve using the heat from these reactions to produce steam, which drives turbines connected to electricity generators. While nuclear energy offers high efficiency and low carbon emissions, it also raises concerns about radioactive waste, safety, and economic costs, making it a complex but vital part of the global energy landscape.
This lecture is part of PHY 206 GENERAL PHYSICS 7 in the Physics department. The course has 30 recorded lectures across 10 series, all free to watch.