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Nigeria's free digital learning hub. Videos, lecture notes, practice questions and leaderboards aligned with CCMAS, NBTE, NCCE, WAEC, NECO, IJMB and JAMB curricula.
Medical Laboratory Science · 300 Level
This is the complete lecture note for MLS 310 Biomedical Engineering, prepared for Medical Laboratory Science students at 300 Level. You can read it online below, open it in the full viewer, or download the PDF for offline study. It pairs with the course's video lectures, so you can read and watch together.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Course code: MLS 310 Course title: Biomedical Engineering Course credit load: 2 Units Series 1: Workshop Practice And Basic Laboratory Equipment • Part 1.1: Fundamentals of workshop practice • Sub-Part 1.1.1: Introduction to workshop safety rules • Sub-Part 1.1.2: Handling of basic tools and materials • Sub-Part 1.1.3: Organisation and discipline in workshop practice • Part 1.2: Introduction to laboratory equipment • Sub-Part 1.2.1: Classification of common laboratory equipment • Sub-Part 1.2.2: Functions and uses of basic apparatus • Sub-Part 1.2.3: Care and handling of fragile equipment • Part 1.3: Maintenance of basic laboratory equipment • Sub-Part 1.3.1: Routine cleaning and storage practices • Sub-Part 1.3.2: Preventive maintenance techniques • Sub-Part 1.3.3: Reporting and documentation of equipment condition • Part 1.4: Practical skills in workshop and laboratory settings • Sub-Part 1.4.1: Demonstration of tool use in biomedical engineering context • Sub-Part 1.4.2: Basic troubleshooting of laboratory equipment • Sub-Part 1.4.3: Hands-on exercises for learners Introduction Workshop practice and the handling of basic laboratory equipment form the foundation of biomedical engineering. Before learners can design, repair, or improve complex apparatus, they must first be confident in using tools safely, organising their workspace, and caring for common laboratory instruments. This Series therefore provides the essential groundwork for practical competence, ensuring that learners are well prepared for more advanced topics later in the course.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS The aim of this Series is to introduce you to the principles of workshop practice and to equip you with the skills needed to use, maintain, and handle basic laboratory equipment effectively and safely. We shall commence this Series by exploring the fundamentals of workshop practice, including safety rules, tool handling, and organisation. Next, we will move on to an introduction to laboratory equipment, focusing on classification, functions, and care of fragile apparatus. Following that, we will examine maintenance practices such as cleaning, storage, and preventive techniques. Finally, we will wrap up with practical skills in workshop and laboratory settings, where you will learn to demonstrate tool use, troubleshoot equipment, and engage in hands-on exercises. Series Learning Outcomes Upon completing this Series, you should be able to: • SLO 1.1 define the fundamental principles of workshop practice, including safety rules and organisation, • SLO 1.2 explain the correct handling and use of basic tools and materials in a biomedical engineering workshop, • SLO 1.3 describe the classification and functions of common laboratory equipment, • SLO 1.4 demonstrate appropriate care and handling of fragile laboratory apparatus, • SLO 1.5 apply routine cleaning and storage practices for basic laboratory equipment, • SLO 1.6 outline preventive maintenance techniques for laboratory instruments, • SLO 1.7 report and document the condition of equipment accurately, • SLO 1.8 demonstrate practical skills in tool use within workshop and laboratory settings, • SLO 1.9 troubleshoot basic faults in laboratory equipment, and • SLO 1.10 perform hands-on exercises that reinforce workshop and laboratory competence. 1.1 Fundamentals Of Workshop Practice 1.1.1 Introduction to workshop safety rules Safety is the cornerstone of effective workshop practice. Workshop safety rules are guidelines designed to protect learners and staff from accidents and injuries. These include wearing appropriate protective clothing, keeping the workspace tidy, and following instructions when using tools. Adhering to safety rules ensures that learning takes place in a secure environment and that equipment remains in good condition.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Figure 1.1: Fundamental workshop safety rules Fill in the blank: Wearing protective clothing and keeping the workspace tidy are examples of __________. 1.1.2 Handling of basic tools and materials Every biomedical engineering workshop requires learners to use basic tools, such as screwdrivers, pliers, hammers, and soldering irons. These tools must be handled correctly to avoid damage or injury. Materials such as glassware, wires, and metals also require careful handling. Proper use of tools and materials not only ensures safety but also improves efficiency and accuracy in practical tasks.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Plate 1.1: Handling of basic tools and materials Fill in the blank: Tools such as screwdrivers and pliers are examples of __________ used in a biomedical engineering workshop. 1.1.3 Organisation and discipline in workshop practice Organisation refers to arranging tools, materials, and workspace in a systematic manner to promote efficiency. Discipline means following established procedures and respecting rules within the workshop. Together, organisation and discipline foster a professional environment where learners can focus on skill development without unnecessary distractions. Benefit Description Promotes efficiency Organised workspaces and disciplined routines improve speed and accuracy Reduces risk of accidents Orderly practices minimise hazards and enhance safety Encourages responsibility Discipline fosters professionalism and accountability in workshop settings Box 1.1: Benefits of organisation and discipline in workshop practice Fill in the blank: Arranging tools and materials systematically in the workspace is called __________.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Pilot questions 1.1 1. State two examples of workshop safety rules. 2. Name two basic tools commonly used in biomedical engineering workshops. 3. What is the importance of handling materials carefully in the workshop? 4. Define organisation in the context of workshop practice. 5. Give one benefit of discipline in workshop practice. 1.2 Introduction To Laboratory Equipment 1.2.1 Classification of common laboratory equipment Laboratory equipment can be grouped into categories based on their functions. Common laboratory equipment refers to basic instruments used regularly in biomedical engineering workshops and laboratories. These include measuring devices such as balances, heating devices like Bunsen burners, and storage items such as test tubes and racks. Classifying equipment helps learners to recognise their purpose and apply them correctly in practical tasks. Figure 1.2: Classification of common laboratory equipment 1.2.2 Functions and uses of basic apparatus Each piece of laboratory equipment has a specific role. For example, a microscope is used to magnify small objects, while a centrifuge separates mixtures based on density. Knowing the functions and uses of apparatus ensures accuracy in experiments and prevents misuse. Learners should be able to match equipment with its correct application in biomedical engineering practice.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Plate 1.2: Functions and uses of basic apparatus Fill in the blank: A __________ is used to magnify small objects in the laboratory. 1.2.3 Care and handling of fragile equipment Fragile equipment such as glassware and microscopes requires careful handling. Care and handling involve cleaning after use, storing in protective cases, and avoiding rough treatment. Proper care extends the lifespan of equipment and ensures reliable results. Learners must develop habits of responsibility when working with delicate instruments. Guideline Description Clean immediately after use Prevents residue build-up and ensures equipment remains functional Store in protective cases Racks or cases safeguard delicate items from damage Avoid rough handling Gentle use reduces risk of breakage or malfunction Prevent extreme exposure Keep away from heat, cold, or moisture to maintain integrity Box 1.2: Guidelines for handling fragile laboratory equipment Fill in the blank: Storing fragile equipment in protective cases helps to prevent __________. Pilot questions 1.2
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS 1. Name three categories of common laboratory equipment. 2. What is the function of a centrifuge? 3. State one example of measuring equipment used in laboratories. 4. Give two guidelines for handling fragile equipment. 5. Why is classification of laboratory equipment important? 1.3 Maintenance Of Basic Laboratory Equipment 1.3.1 Routine cleaning and storage practices Routine cleaning refers to the regular removal of dirt, residues, or contaminants from laboratory equipment after use. This prevents cross-contamination and ensures accurate results in future experiments. Storage practices involve keeping equipment in designated areas, such as racks, cupboards, or protective cases, to avoid damage. Together, cleaning and storage extend the lifespan of equipment and promote safe laboratory operations. Figure 1.3: Routine cleaning and storage practices Fill in the blank: Washing equipment after use and keeping it in designated racks are examples of __________ practices. 1.3.2 Preventive maintenance techniques
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