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This is the complete lecture note for HTM 105 Tourism Movement and Historical Development. You can read it online below, open it in the full viewer, or download the PDF for offline study. It pairs with the course's video lectures, so you can read and watch together.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Course Code: HMT 105 Course Title: Tourism Movement and Historical Development Course Units: 3 units 1. Foundations of Human Movements in Tourism 2. Historical Developments and Tourist Movement Patterns 3. Cultural Attractions and Their Role in Tourism 4. Modern Tourism Facilities and Structures 5. Ecological and Natural Tourist Attractions Suggested outline for series1: Foundations of Human Movements in Tourism Part 1: Conceptual Basis of Human Movements • Definition of Human Movements in Tourism • Pullman’s Theory of Human Movements • Scope and Relevance to Tourism Studies Part 2: Determinants of Human Movements • Economic Factors • Social and Cultural Factors • Political and Environmental Factors Part 3: Migration Waves and Patterns • Historical Migration Waves • Contemporary Tourist Movement Patterns • Implications for Tourism Development Part 4: Population Concentration and Dispersal • Factors Influencing Concentration • Factors Influencing Dispersal • Relationship to Tourism Flows Part 5: Tourism Movement Patterns and Development
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS • Concept of Tourism Movement Patterns • Evolution of Tourism Movements • Linkages with Hospitality and Destination Planning Introduction Tourism is built upon the movement of people from one place to another, whether for leisure, culture, or discovery. Every journey begins with a decision to move, and understanding the foundations of human movements helps us to appreciate why individuals travel, how patterns of migration emerge, and what factors influence the flow of visitors to different destinations. This Series sets the stage for the entire course by exploring the basic principles that underpin tourism movements, making it a vital starting point for your study of tourism and historical development. The aim of this Series is to introduce you to the conceptual basis of human movements and to equip you with the knowledge needed to analyse the determinants, patterns, and implications of these movements in relation to tourism. We shall commence this Series by examining the conceptual basis of human movements, including definitions and Pullman’s theory. Next, we will explore the determinants of human movements, considering economic, social, cultural, political, and environmental influences. Following that, we will study migration waves and patterns, both historical and contemporary, and their implications for tourism. We will then move on to population concentration and dispersal, analysing how these factors shape tourism flows. Finally, we will wrap up by considering tourism movement patterns and their development, linking them to hospitality and destination planning. Series Learning Outcomes Upon completing this Series, you should be able to: • SLO 1.1 define the concept of human movements in tourism, • SLO 1.2 explain Pullman’s theory of human movements and its relevance to tourism studies, • SLO 1.3 analyse the determinants of human movements, including economic, social, cultural, political, and environmental factors, • SLO 1.4 describe historical migration waves and contemporary tourist movement patterns, • SLO 1.5 evaluate the implications of migration waves and patterns for tourism development,
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS • SLO 1.6 identify factors influencing population concentration and dispersal in relation to tourism flows, and • SLO 1.7 examine tourism movement patterns and assess their role in hospitality and destination planning. 1.1 Conceptual Basis of Human Movements 1.1.1 Definition of human movements in tourism Human movements in tourism refer to the physical relocation of individuals from one geographical location to another for purposes such as leisure, culture, education, or business. The study of these movements is central to tourism because it explains why people travel, how they choose destinations, and what patterns emerge from their journeys. The term human movement is defined as the act of people changing their location across space, influenced by various social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors. In tourism, these movements are not random but often structured, reflecting motivations and attractions. Fill in the blank: Human movement in tourism is the act of people changing their ______ across space. Diagram showing arrows of people moving between different destinations
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Caption: Figure 1.1 Conceptual illustration of human movements in tourism Search string: “tourism flows diagram OER” 1.1.2 Pullman’s theory of human movements The Pullman’s theory of human movements explains that people are drawn to certain destinations because of attractive forces, while they are pushed away from their current location due to unfavourable conditions. In tourism, this theory helps us understand why individuals leave their home environment and what motivates them to visit specific attractions. Attractive forces may include cultural festivals, monuments, or natural landscapes, while push factors may involve overcrowding, lack of recreational facilities, or political instability. Fill in the blank: According to Pullman’s theory, people are drawn to destinations by ______ forces and leave their current location due to push factors. Caption: Box 1.1 Key elements of Pullman’s theory of human movements • Attractive forces: cultural, environmental, economic opportunities
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Push factors: overcrowding, lack of facilities, political instability Search string: “push and pull factors tourism OER” 1.1.3 Scope and relevance to tourism studies The scope of human movements in tourism extends beyond simple travel. It encompasses migration waves, population dispersal, and the development of tourism patterns over time. By studying these movements, learners can analyse how tourism destinations evolve, how cultural attractions gain significance, and how modern facilities are designed to meet visitor needs. The relevance of this study lies in its ability to guide tourism planning and hospitality management. For instance, understanding why tourists prefer certain destinations helps planners design better facilities, while recognising dispersal factors aids in managing overcrowding. Fill in the blank: Studying human movements in tourism helps planners design better ______ to meet visitor needs. Image of tourists arriving at a cultural festival
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Caption: Plate 1.1 Tourists participating in a cultural attraction Search string: “tourists at cultural festival OER image” Pilot questions 1. Which term refers to the act of people changing their location across space in tourism? 2. What does Pullman’s theory of human movements explain about tourist behaviour? 3. Identify two attractive forces that draw tourists to destinations. 4. State one push factor that may cause people to leave their current location. 5. Why is the study of human movements relevant to tourism planning? 1.2 Determinants of Human Movements 1.2.1 Economic factors Economic factors are among the strongest influences on human movements in tourism. The availability of disposable income, employment opportunities, and affordability of travel directly determine whether individuals can embark on journeys. Tourists are more likely to visit destinations that offer value for money, competitive pricing, and accessible services. The term economic factor refers to financial conditions that affect people’s ability to travel, such as income levels, cost of living, and exchange rates. For example, a favourable exchange rate may encourage international tourists to visit a country where their money has greater purchasing power. Fill in the blank: A favourable ______ rate may encourage international tourists to visit a country where their money has greater purchasing power.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Caption: Table 1.1 Examples of economic factors influencing tourism Short description: A table showing economic factors and their influence on tourism Search string: “economic factors tourism OER table” 1.2.2 Social and cultural factors Social and cultural factors also determine why people move from one place to another. These include traditions, festivals, family ties, and cultural heritage. Tourists are often motivated by the desire to experience new cultures, participate in social events, or reconnect with their roots. The term cultural factor refers to influences arising from traditions, beliefs, and practices that shape travel behaviour. For instance, cultural festivals such as carnivals or religious pilgrimages attract large numbers of visitors annually. Fill in the blank: Cultural festivals such as carnivals or ______ pilgrimages attract large numbers of visitors annually.
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