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This is the complete lecture note for CPS303 Crop Pests and Diseases. You can read it online below, open it in the full viewer, or download the PDF for offline study. It pairs with the course's video lectures, so you can read and watch together.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Course code: CPS 303 Course title: Crop Pests and Diseases Course credit load: 2 Units Series 1: Definition And Classification of Crop Pests and Diseases Part 1.1 Definition of crop pests and diseases 1.1.1 Meaning of pests 1.1.2 Meaning of diseases 1.1.3 Distinction between pests and diseases Part 1.2 Classification of crop pests 1.2.1 Insect pests 1.2.2 Vertebrate pests 1.2.3 Other pest categories (nematodes, mites, etc.) Part 1.3 Classification of crop diseases 1.3.1 Fungal diseases 1.3.2 Viral diseases 1.3.3 Bacterial diseases 1.3.4 Nematode infestations Part 1.4 Importance of definitions and classifications in crop protection 1.4.1 Role in identification 1.4.2 Role in diagnosis and management 1.4.3 Role in integrated pest management Introduction
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Background In every crop production field, farmers encounter a wide range of organisms that either damage plants directly or cause diseases that reduce yield. These organisms occur naturally and form part of the agricultural environment. To manage them effectively, it is essential to first define what we mean by pests and diseases, and then classify them according to their characteristics. This Series sets the foundation for the rest of the course by helping you recognise the basic concepts and categories involved. Series aim the aim of this Series is to introduce you to the definitions and classifications of crop pests and diseases, and to equip you with the knowledge needed to identify them and appreciate their significance in crop protection. Series synopsis We shall commence this Series by defining crop pests and diseases, and distinguishing between the two. Next, we will classify crop pests into categories such as insects, vertebrates, and other groups. Following that, we will classify crop diseases into fungal, viral, bacterial, and nematode types. Finally, we will wrap up by examining why these definitions and classifications are important for identification, diagnosis, and integrated management in crop protection. Series learning outcomes Upon completing this Series, you should be able to: SLO 1.1 define crop pests and crop diseases, SLO 1.2 explain the distinction between pests and diseases, SLO 1.3 classify crop pests into major categories such as insects, vertebrates, and other groups, SLO 1.4 classify crop diseases into fungal, viral, bacterial, and nematode types, SLO 1.5 analyse the importance of definitions and classifications in crop protection and integrated pest management. 1.1 Definition of Crop Pests and Diseases 1.1.1 Meaning of pests
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS A pest is any organism that causes damage to crops, either by feeding on them directly or by interfering with their growth and productivity. Pests may include insects, vertebrates such as rodents and birds, or other small organisms like mites and nematodes. They are considered harmful because they reduce yield, lower quality, and increase production costs. Pests are defined as organisms that cause ______ to crops, reducing yield and quality. Figure 1.1 Examples of crop pests 1.1.2 Meaning of diseases A disease in crops refers to any abnormal condition that disrupts the normal functioning of plant tissues, usually caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria,
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS viruses, or nematodes. Diseases manifest through symptoms like wilting, leaf spots, blights, or rots, and they often spread rapidly under favourable environmental conditions. Crop diseases are abnormal conditions caused by ______ such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, or nematodes. Plate 1.1 Symptoms of crop diseases 1.1.3 Distinction between pests and diseases It is important to distinguish between pests and diseases. Pests are living organisms that physically attack crops, while diseases are conditions caused by pathogens that disrupt plant physiology. For example, an insect chewing maize leaves is a pest, whereas a fungal infection causing leaf blight is a disease. Recognising this distinction helps farmers apply the correct management strategies.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Pests are living organisms that attack crops, while diseases are ______ caused by pathogens that disrupt plant physiology. Box 1.1 Distinction between pests and diseases Aspect Pests Diseases Nature Living organisms Abnormal conditions caused by pathogens Examples Insects, rodents, mites Fungal blight, bacterial wilt, viral mosaic Mode of damage Physical feeding or destruction Physiological disruption of tissues Pilot questions 1.1 Define the term pest in crop production. What is meant by crop disease? Give two examples of organisms considered as pests. Mention two common symptoms of crop diseases. State one key distinction between pests and diseases. 1.2 Classification of Crop Pests 1.2.1 Insect pests Insect pests are small arthropods that feed on crops, causing direct damage to leaves, stems, roots, or fruits. Examples include stem borers in maize, aphids in vegetables, and bollworms in cotton. They are often the most destructive group of pests due to their rapid reproduction and wide distribution. Insect pests are small arthropods that feed on crops, causing ______ damage to plant parts.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Figure 1.2 Common insect pests of crops 1.2.2 Vertebrate pests Vertebrate pests include animals such as rodents, birds, and monkeys that feed on crops or destroy them during feeding. Rodents may gnaw at stored grains, while birds can damage standing crops by feeding on seeds or fruits. Vertebrate pests are significant because they cause both field and storage losses. Vertebrate pests include animals such as ______, birds, and monkeys that damage crops in the field or storage.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Plate 1.2 Vertebrate pests affecting crops 1.2.3 Other pest categories Other categories of pests include nematodes, which are microscopic worms that attack plant roots, and mites, which damage leaves and stems. These pests are less visible but can cause severe yield losses by weakening plants and making them more susceptible to diseases. Other categories of pests include nematodes and ______, which damage plant roots and leaves respectively. Box 1.2 Other categories of crop pests
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