CHM 107 — General Chemistry Practical I: Lecture Note

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LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS

LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Course code: CHM 107 Course title: General Chemistry Practical I Course credit load: 1 Units Series 1: Laboratory Rules and Safety Procedures Series 2: Scientific Data Collection and Experimental Techniques Series 3: Laboratory Glassware and Standards Series 4: Acid–Base and Redox Titrations Series 5: Gravimetric Analysis, Data Recording, and Scientific Conclusions Proposed Outline for Series 1 1.1 General laboratory rules  1.1.1 Conduct and discipline in the laboratory  1.1.2 Prohibited behaviours and practices 1.2 Safety procedures and protective measures  1.2.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE)  1.2.2 Handling chemicals safely  1.2.3 Emergency procedures (spills, burns, accidents) 1.3 Laboratory housekeeping and waste disposal  1.3.1 Cleanliness and organisation of workspaces  1.3.2 Proper disposal of chemical and biological waste Introduction Every successful experiment begins with a safe and well-organised laboratory environment. Accidents can be prevented when learners are aware of the rules and procedures that govern laboratory practice. This Series is designed to help you build a strong foundation in laboratory safety, ensuring that you can carry out experiments confidently and responsibly. The aim of this Series is to introduce you to the essential rules, safety procedures, and housekeeping practices that are required in a chemistry laboratory. By mastering these, you will be well prepared to conduct experiments without unnecessary risks.

LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS We shall commence this Series by examining general laboratory rules, focusing on conduct and prohibited behaviours. Next, we will explore safety procedures, including the use of personal protective equipment, safe handling of chemicals, and emergency responses. Finally, we will wrap up by considering laboratory housekeeping and waste disposal, ensuring that you can maintain a clean and safe working environment. Series Learning Outcomes Upon completing this Series, you should be able to:  SLO 1.1 define general laboratory rules and explain their importance,  SLO 1.2 describe appropriate conduct and identify prohibited behaviours in the laboratory,  SLO 1.3 demonstrate the correct use of personal protective equipment,  SLO 1.4 apply safety procedures for handling chemicals and responding to emergencies, and  SLO 1.5 explain proper housekeeping practices and evaluate methods of waste disposal in the laboratory. 1.1 General Laboratory Rules 1.1.1 Conduct and discipline in the laboratory Every learner must maintain proper conduct in the laboratory, which refers to the way you behave and interact with others in the learning environment. Discipline ensures that activities are carried out in an orderly manner, reducing risks and promoting effective learning. You are expected to arrive on time, follow instructions carefully, and respect both your peers and the laboratory staff. Fill in the blank: Arriving on time and following instructions carefully are examples of good laboratory ______. Figure 1.1: Proper conduct and discipline in the laboratory

LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS 1.1.2 Prohibited behaviours and practices Certain behaviours are strictly prohibited in the laboratory because they compromise safety and disrupt learning. Examples include eating or drinking, running, horseplay, and unauthorised experiments. These actions can lead to accidents, contamination, or damage to equipment. Fill in the blank: Eating or drinking in the laboratory is ______ because it can lead to contamination. Box 1.1: Examples of prohibited behaviours in the laboratory Pilot questions 1.1 1. Which of the following is an example of proper conduct in the laboratory? a. Running to collect equipment b. Arriving on time and following instructions c. Eating during an experiment d. Conducting unauthorised experiments 2. Fill in the blank: Discipline in the laboratory helps to reduce ______ and promote effective learning. 3. Which of the following is a prohibited behaviour in the laboratory? a. Wearing protective equipment b. Recording observations carefully c. Horseplay d. Respecting laboratory staff 4. Fill in the blank: Conducting unauthorised experiments can lead to accidents and ______. 5. Which of the following best describes conduct in the laboratory? a. The way learners behave and interact b. The type of chemicals used c. The design of the laboratory building d. The number of experiments performed

LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS 1.2 Safety Procedures And Protective Measures 1.2.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to clothing and accessories designed to protect individuals from hazards in the laboratory. Common examples include laboratory coats, safety goggles, gloves, and closed footwear. Wearing PPE reduces the risk of chemical splashes, burns, or accidental contact with harmful substances. Fill in the blank: Safety goggles are worn in the laboratory to protect the ______ from chemical splashes. Figure 1.2: Personal protective equipment in the laboratory 1.2.2 Handling chemicals safely Safe handling of chemicals involves reading labels carefully, using appropriate containers, and avoiding direct contact. Learners should never taste or smell chemicals directly, and all transfers should be done with suitable tools such as pipettes or spatulas. Proper handling prevents accidents and ensures that experiments yield reliable results. Fill in the blank: Chemicals should never be tasted or ______ directly in the laboratory. Figure 1.3: Safe handling of chemicals

LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS 1.2.3 Emergency procedures (spills, burns, accidents) Emergency procedures are steps taken to respond quickly and effectively to accidents in the laboratory. For chemical spills, learners should alert the instructor and use spill kits if available. In case of burns, affected areas should be rinsed with cold water immediately. All accidents, no matter how minor, must be reported to the laboratory supervisor. Fill in the blank: All accidents in the laboratory, no matter how minor, must be ______ to the supervisor. Box 1.2: Basic emergency procedures in the laboratory Pilot questions 1.2 1. Which of the following is an example of PPE? a. Pipette b. Safety goggles c. Beaker d. Test tube 2. Fill in the blank: Laboratory coats are worn to protect the ______ from chemical splashes. 3. Which of the following is a safe practice when handling chemicals? a. Tasting chemicals directly b. Smelling chemicals directly c. Reading labels carefully d. Using bare hands to transfer chemicals 4. Fill in the blank: In case of burns, the affected area should be rinsed with ______ water immediately. 5. Which of the following is the correct response to a chemical spill? a. Ignore it b. Alert the instructor and use spill kits c. Taste the chemical to identify it d. Continue with the experiment

LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS 1.3 Laboratory Housekeeping And Waste Disposal 1.3.1 Cleanliness and organisation of workspaces Maintaining cleanliness in the laboratory means keeping benches, floors, and equipment free from spills, clutter, and unnecessary items. Organisation refers to arranging materials and tools neatly so that experiments can be performed efficiently and safely. Learners should always clean their work area before and after experiments, return equipment to its proper place, and avoid leaving chemicals unattended. Fill in the blank: Returning equipment to its proper place after use is part of laboratory ______. Figure 1.4: Cleanliness and organisation in the laboratory 1.3.2 Proper disposal of chemical and biological waste Waste disposal in the laboratory must follow strict procedures to prevent harm to people and the environment. Chemical waste should never be poured down sinks unless specifically instructed. Instead, it should be collected in labelled containers for safe disposal. Biological waste, such as cultures or samples, must be sterilised or incinerated according to laboratory guidelines. Learners must always ask the supervisor if unsure about disposal methods. Fill in the blank: Chemical waste should be collected in ______ containers for safe disposal.

LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Box 1.3: Guidelines for laboratory waste disposal Pilot questions 1.3 1. Which of the following is part of laboratory housekeeping? a. Leaving chemicals unattended b. Cleaning work areas before and after experiments c. Pouring waste down sinks without instruction d. Ignoring spills 2. Fill in the blank: Neatly arranging materials and tools is part of laboratory ______. 3. Which of the following is a correct method of chemical waste disposal? a. Pouring all chemicals down the sink b. Collecting waste in labelled containers c. Mixing biological and chemical waste together d. Leaving waste on the bench 4. Fill in the blank: Biological waste such as cultures must be ______ or incinerated according to guidelines. 5. Which of the following best describes proper laboratory housekeeping? a. Keeping benches cluttered b. Organising equipment and cleaning workspaces c. Ignoring spills and accidents d. Using chemicals without labe Series Summary This Series has guided you through the essential rules and safety procedures required for effective laboratory practice. We began by examining general laboratory rules, focusing on conduct, discipline, and prohibited behaviours. We then moved on to safety procedures, where you learned about personal protective equipment, safe handling of chemicals, and emergency responses. Finally, we explored laboratory housekeeping and waste disposal, emphasising cleanliness, organisation,

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