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Nigeria's free digital learning hub. Videos, lecture notes, practice questions and leaderboards aligned with CCMAS, NBTE, NCCE, WAEC, NECO, IJMB and JAMB curricula.
Business Administration · 200 Level
This is the complete lecture note for BED 214 Business communication and report writing, prepared for Business Administration students at 200 Level. You can read it online below, open it in the full viewer, or download the PDF for offline study. It pairs with the course's video lectures, so you can read and watch together.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS 1. Course code: BED 214 2. Course title: Business Communication & Report Writing 3. Course credit load: (2 Units C: LH 30) 4. List of Series SERIES 1 Foundations of Communication SERIES 2 Business Communication Skills SERIES 3 Writing and Language Mastery
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS SERIES 4 Oral and Interpersonal Communication SERIES 5 Professional and Corporate Communication Thank you for the clear instructions. I will now proceed with Series 1: Foundations of Communication for BED 214: Business Communication & Report Writing. Since this is a 2-credit course, the guideline requires 3 to 5 main Parts per Series. I will first suggest an outline of Parts and Sub-Parts, then provide the Series Introduction, and finally generate the Series Learning Outcomes (SLOs). 1 Foundations of Communication Series outline • Part 1: Fundamentals of Communication o Sub-Part 1.1: Meaning and concept of communication o Sub-Part 1.2: Importance of communication in business and education o Sub-Part 1.3: Elements of the communication process • Part 2: Forms of Communication o Sub-Part 2.1: Verbal communication o Sub-Part 2.2: Non-verbal communication o Sub-Part 2.3: Written communication • Part 3: The Communication Process o Sub-Part 3.1: Sender, message, and encoding o Sub-Part 3.2: Channels and mediums of communication o Sub-Part 3.3: Receiver, decoding, and feedback • Part 4: Barriers to Effective Communication o Sub-Part 4.1: Physical barriers o Sub-Part 4.2: Psychological barriers o Sub-Part 4.3: Semantic and cultural barriers This outline conforms to the requirement of 3–5 Parts for a 2-credit course. Introduction
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Communication is the lifeblood of human interaction, shaping how ideas are shared, relationships are built, and organisations function. In both personal and professional settings, the ability to communicate effectively determines success, whether in conveying information, persuading others, or fostering collaboration. For business students, understanding the foundations of communication is essential, as it provides the groundwork for more advanced skills in report writing, negotiation, and corporate communication. The aim of this Series is to introduce you to the fundamental principles of communication and to equip you with the knowledge needed to analyse its processes, forms, and challenges. We shall commence this Series by examining the fundamentals of communication, including its meaning, importance, and elements. Next, we will explore the different forms of communication, ranging from verbal and non-verbal to written modes. Following that, we will study the communication process, focusing on how messages are encoded, transmitted, and decoded. Finally, we will conclude by identifying common barriers to effective communication and considering strategies to overcome them. Series Learning Outcomes Upon completing this Series, you should be able to: • SLO 1.1 define the concept of communication and explain its importance in business and education, • SLO 1.2 identify and categorise the different forms of communication, • SLO 1.3 analyse the elements and stages of the communication process, and • SLO 1.4 evaluate common barriers to effective communication and propose strategies to overcome them. 1.1 Fundamentals Of Communication 1.1.1 Meaning and concept of communication Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, feelings, or instructions between individuals or groups. It involves a sender who encodes a message, a channel through which the message is transmitted, and a receiver who decodes and interprets it. Effective communication ensures mutual understanding and reduces the chances of misinterpretation. Fill in the blank: Communication is the process of ______ information, ideas, feelings, or instructions between individuals or groups. Diagram showing sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback in the communication
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS process Figure 1.1: Basic communication model 1.1.2 Importance of communication in business and education In business, communication is vital for decision-making, coordination, and building relationships with stakeholders. It enables organisations to share goals, motivate employees, and maintain customer satisfaction. In education, communication supports teaching, learning, and collaboration between students and lecturers. Without effective communication, both business and education systems struggle to achieve their objectives. Fill in the blank: In education, communication supports ______, learning, and collaboration between students and lecturers. Image of a classroom with teacher and students engaged in discussion
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Plate 1.1: Communication in education setting 1.1.3 Elements of the communication process The elements of communication are the key components that make communication possible. These include: • Sender: The originator of the message. • Message: The information or idea being conveyed. • Encoding: The process of converting thoughts into symbols or words. • Channel: The medium through which the message travels, such as speech, writing, or digital platforms. • Receiver: The person or group who interprets the message. • Decoding: The process of interpreting the message. • Feedback: The response given by the receiver to the sender. Fill in the blank: The response given by the receiver to the sender is called ______. Box 1.1: Elements of communication process | Elements of Communication |
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS | Sender, Message, Encoding, Channel, Receiver, Decoding, Feedback | Pilot questions 1.1 1. Which term refers to the person who originates a message in communication? 2. What is the process of converting thoughts into symbols or words called? 3. Identify one reason why communication is important in business. 4. Which element of communication involves interpreting the message? 5. What is the role of feedback in communication? 1.2 Forms Of Communication 1.2.1 Verbal communication Verbal communication refers to the use of spoken or written words to convey messages. It is the most direct form of communication and includes face-to-face conversations, speeches, telephone calls, and written documents. Verbal communication is valued for its clarity, but it requires careful choice of words to avoid misunderstanding. Fill in the blank: ______ communication refers to the use of spoken or written words to convey messages.
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Diagram showing examples of verbal communication such as speech, writing, and telephone Figure 1.2: Forms of verbal communication 1.2.2 Non-verbal communication Non-verbal communication involves the use of gestures, facial expressions, posture, and other physical behaviours to convey meaning. It often complements verbal communication and can sometimes contradict spoken words. For instance, a smile may reinforce friendliness, while crossed arms may suggest defensiveness. Fill in the blank: A smile may reinforce friendliness, while ______ arms may suggest defensiveness. Image of people using gestures and facial expressions in conversation
LA-NET | ONLINE LEARNING VIDEO PLATFORM FOR POST-SECONDARY & HIGHER INSTITUTION STUDENTS Plate 1.2: Non-verbal communication in practice 1.2.3 Written communication Written communication is the transmission of messages through written symbols, such as letters, reports, emails, and memos. It provides a permanent record and is useful for formal communication. However, it requires clarity and precision to avoid ambiguity. Fill in the blank: Written communication provides a ______ record and is useful for formal communication. Box 1.2: Examples of written communication | Examples of Written Communication |
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